| dc.contributor |
Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology |
|
| dc.contributor |
McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT |
|
| dc.contributor |
Martinos Imaging Center (McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT) |
|
| dc.contributor |
Jensen, Karin B. |
|
| dc.contributor |
Kaptchuk, Ted J. |
|
| dc.contributor |
Kirsch, Irving |
|
| dc.contributor |
Raicek, Jacqueline |
|
| dc.contributor |
Berna, Chantal |
|
| dc.contributor |
Gollub, Randy Lyanne |
|
| dc.contributor |
Kong, Jian |
|
| dc.creator |
Jensen, Karin B. |
|
| dc.creator |
Kaptchuk, Ted J. |
|
| dc.creator |
Kirsch, Irving |
|
| dc.creator |
Raicek, Jacqueline |
|
| dc.creator |
Lindstrom, Kara M. |
|
| dc.creator |
Berna, Chantal |
|
| dc.creator |
Gollub, Randy Lyanne |
|
| dc.creator |
Ingvar, Martin |
|
| dc.creator |
Kong, Jian |
|
| dc.date |
2013-05-01T15:13:02Z |
|
| dc.date |
2013-05-01T15:13:02Z |
|
| dc.date |
2012-09 |
|
| dc.date |
2012-02 |
|
| dc.date.accessioned |
2023-03-01T18:07:35Z |
|
| dc.date.available |
2023-03-01T18:07:35Z |
|
| dc.identifier |
0027-8424 |
|
| dc.identifier |
1091-6490 |
|
| dc.identifier |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78641 |
|
| dc.identifier |
Jensen, K. B. et al. “Nonconscious Activation of Placebo and Nocebo Pain Responses.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.39 (2012): 15959–15964. ©2013 National Academy of Sciences |
|
| dc.identifier.uri |
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/CUHPOERS/278846 |
|
| dc.description |
The dominant theories of human placebo effects rely on a notion that consciously perceptible cues, such as verbal information or distinct stimuli in classical conditioning, provide signals that activate placebo effects. However, growing evidence suggest that behavior can be triggered by stimuli presented outside of conscious awareness. Here, we performed two experiments in which the responses to thermal pain stimuli were assessed. The first experiment assessed whether a conditioning paradigm, using clearly visible cues for high and low pain, could induce placebo and nocebo responses. The second experiment, in a separate group of subjects, assessed whether conditioned placebo and nocebo responses could be triggered in response to nonconscious (masked) exposures to the same cues. A total of 40 healthy volunteers (24 female, mean age 23 y) were investigated in a laboratory setting. Participants rated each pain stimulus on a numeric response scale, ranging from 0 = no pain to 100 = worst imaginable pain. Significant placebo and nocebo effects were found in both experiment 1 (using clearly visible stimuli) and experiment 2 (using nonconscious stimuli), indicating that the mechanisms responsible for placebo and nocebo effects can operate without conscious awareness of the triggering cues. This is a unique experimental verification of the influence of nonconscious conditioned stimuli on placebo/nocebo effects and the results challenge the exclusive role of awareness and conscious cognitions in placebo responses. |
|
| dc.description |
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (U.S.) (Grant R21AT00449) |
|
| dc.description |
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (U.S.) (Grant R01AT006364) |
|
| dc.description |
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (U.S.) (Grant K24AT004095) |
|
| dc.description |
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (U.S.) (Grant R01AT005280) |
|
| dc.description |
National Institute of Drug Abuse (Grant R03AT218317) |
|
| dc.format |
application/pdf |
|
| dc.language |
en_US |
|
| dc.publisher |
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) |
|
| dc.relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202056109 |
|
| dc.relation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
|
| dc.rights |
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. |
|
| dc.source |
PNAS |
|
| dc.title |
Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses |
|
| dc.type |
Article |
|
| dc.type |
http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle |
|